[458] It broke the previous record set two days earlier when Australia defeated Tonga 220. Santa Cruz, a population located in Remote Oceania, is an anomaly with extreme frequencies of autochthonous haplogroups of Near Oceanian origin. [210], In the quest for Terra Australis, Spanish explorations in the 17th century, such as the expedition led by the Portuguese navigator Pedro Fernandes de Queirs, sailed to Pitcairn and Vanuatu archipelagos, and sailed the Torres Strait between Australia and New Guinea, named after navigator Lus Vaz de Torres. [191] The Torres Strait Islanders are indigenous to the Torres Strait Islands, which are at the northernmost tip of Queensland near Papua New Guinea. "[144] It has been theorized that the indigenous Jmon people of the Japanese archipelago are related to Austronesians, along with the indigenous inhabitants of the Ryukyu Islands. This parameter provides an indication of age distribution. This continent, the smallest on the planet, is located south of thePacific Ocean, west of theIndian Oceanand southeast ofthe Asian continent. For Australia and New Zealand, 85% of the population lives in urban areas, while on the islands most people live in rural areas. [337], Between 2001 and 2007 Australia's Pacific Solution policy transferred asylum seekers to several Pacific nations, including the Nauru detention centre. [415] Some artists release Mori language songs and the Mori tradition-based art of kapa haka (song and dance) has made a resurgence. The country has been broadened by globalisation and immigration specifically from Oceania, Europe, and Asia. Fertility Rate: (Total Fertility Rate, or TFR), it is expressed as children per woman. "[46] Some geographers group the Australian tectonic plate with others in the Pacific to form a geological continent. What Is The Population Of Oceania. [219], The Spanish explorer Alonso de Salazar landed in the Marshall Islands in 1529. [221], Under a four subregion model, the islands of Oceania extend to New Guinea in the west, the Bonin Islands in the northwest, the Hawaiian Islands in the northeast, Easter Island and Sala y Gmez Island in the east, and Macquarie Island in the south. [6][7] Spanning the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, Oceania is estimated to have a land area of 8,525,989 square kilometres (3,291,903sqmi) and a population of around 44.5 million as of 2021. [120] The South Pacific Commission is a developmental organization formed in 1947 and is currently known as the Pacific Community; its members include Australia and other Pacific Islands Forum members. Australasia: Australia: 24 million, Canberra New Zealand: 5 million, Wellington It corresponds to the following formula: projection, It corresponds to the calculation: projection, It corresponds to the formula: LN(2)/LN(growth/100+1), which produces exactly the same result as LOG, "Fast facts about Australia - Australia in Brief - Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade", Current real density based on food growing capacity, Antiviral medications for pandemic influenza, Percentage suffering from undernourishment, Health expenditure by country by type of financing, Programme for International Student Assessment, Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies, Progress in International Reading Literacy Study, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Oceanian_countries_by_population&oldid=1137423444, Lists of countries by continent, by population, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 4 February 2023, at 15:56. The continent of Oceaniacovers the territorial set of fourteen different countries, which are: Australia, New Zealand, the Federated States of Micronesia, Fiji, Kiribati, Nauru, the Marshall Islands, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, the Solomon Islands, Tonga , Tuvalu and Vanuatu. [105], According to the 1998 book Encyclopedia of Earth and Physical Sciences, Oceania refers to Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, and more than 10,000 islands scattered across the Pacific Ocean. . [36][37] In his 1879 book Australasia, British naturalist Alfred Russel Wallace commented that, "Oceania is the word often used by continental geographers to describe the great world of islands we are now entering upon" and that "Australia forms its central and most important feature. Establishing a chronological timeframe for these pieces in most cases is difficult, but one has been dated to c. 1500 BCE. It should be remarked that if we take the Malay archipelago away from Oceania, as do generally the German geographers, the insular world contained in the great ocean is cut in two, and the least populated of the five parts of the world is diminished in order to increase the number of inhabitants of the most densely populated continent. [14] Oceania was first explored by Europeans from the 16th century onward. [325][326] Melbourne is also fairly multicultural, having the largest Greek-speaking population outside of Europe,[327] and the second largest Asian population in Australia after Sydney. 200 million. Major Physiographic Features of Oceania The subject matter typically carries themes of fertility or the supernatural. Around 1200, Tahitian explorers discovered and began settling the area. The majority of people living in Australia work in health care, retail and education sectors. The number of its inhabitants is approximately 34,300,000 (according to the 2010 census), a figure that is increasing due to the substantial difference in the birth rate (21%) and death rate (9%). "[31], In the 19th century, many geographers divided up Oceania into mostly racially based subdivisions; Australasia, Malesia (encompassing the Malay archipelago), Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. A more popular and practical definition excludes Indonesia, East Malaysia (Borneo), the Philippines, Taiwan, Japan and other islands closely related to the Asian mainland, as well as the Aleutians and the small island groups situated near the Americas. [198], The first people of the Northern Mariana Islands navigated to the islands and discovered it at some period between 4000 BCE to 2000 BCE from South-East Asia. Oceania then, in its most restricted meaning, includes more than 10,000 islands, with a total land area (excluding Australia, but including Papua New Guinea and New Zealand) of approximately 317,700 square miles (822,800 square km). In a 1947 article on the formation of the South Pacific Commission for the Pacific Affairs journal, author Roy E. James stated the organization's scope encompassed all non-self governing islands below the equator to the east of Papua New Guinea (which itself was included in the scope and then known as Dutch New Guinea). The 1960 constitution, which formally came into force with independence from New Zealand in 1962, builds on the British pattern of parliamentary democracy, modified to take account of Samoan customs. Although disagreeing on details, scientists generally support a theory that calls for a Southeast Asian origin of island peoples. This list follows the boundaries of geopolitical Oceania, which includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Auckland and Wellington are frequently ranked among the world's most liveable cities, with Auckland being ranked first in the world according to the Global Liveability Ranking. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. [420] Distinctive ingredients or dishes include lamb; salmon; koura (crayfish);[421] whitebait; shellfish including dredge oysters, paua, mussels, scallops, pipi and tuatua;[422] kumara (sweet potato); kiwifruit; tamarillo; and pavlova (considered a national dish).[423][419]. These countries have considerable influence inAsianmarkets . It includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia. Styles such as slack-key guitar are well known worldwide, while Hawaiian-tinged music is a frequent part of Hollywood soundtracks. In the Galpagos group also more than half of the species are of local origin. The Indonesian provinces of Papua and West Papua on the island of New Guinea are home to an estimated 44 uncontacted tribal groups. The other main Melanesian groups from north to south are the Bismarck Archipelago, the Solomon Islands, the Santa Cruz Islands, Vanuatu, Fiji and New Caledonia. [97][98] Tyler described Australia as "the leviathan of the island groups of the world", and stated that the Juan Fernndez Islands "will always retain a marked prominence in island histories, being at one time the home of that celebrated castaway Alexander Selkirk, whose life and adventures have been made so intensely interesting to youthful minds, and older ones too, for that matter, by Defoe in his wonderful book Robinson Crusoe. The total population of Oceania minus mainland Australia is about 18 million. In WA, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make up 3.3 per cent of the population but 40 per cent of the state's prison population. Oceaniacontributes barely 1% of total world production, so it is not a continent with much weight in this matter. "[100] Ross further wrote, "and to this vast region the term Oceania has been applied. Thus, Oceania most commonly refers to the land areas of the South and Central Pacific. "[102] In 1948, American military journal Armed Forces Talk broke the islands of the Pacific up into five major subdivisions; Indonesia, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia and the non-tropical Islands. [368] In 2015, there were 7.4 million visitor arrivals. [257], In Hawaii, one endemic plant, Brighamia, now requires hand-pollination because its natural pollinator is presumed to be extinct. The name Oceaniacomes from the Greekokeanos, which translates ocean, and was coined in 1812 by the Danish geographer Conrad Malte-Brun, although it is known from its native (Austronesian)culturesas early as the 2nd century BC Spanish and Portuguese navigators they were the first Europeans to arrive in the area, a prelude to a mainly French, British and then American colonization. Other Austronesian areas such as Indonesia and the Philippines were not included, due to their closer cultural proximity to mainland Asia. PLOS One describe Insular Chile as having "cultural and ecological connections to the broader insular Pacific. [386] A parliamentary general election must be called no later than three years after the previous election. Volcanic islands which are geologically associated with continental landmasses, such as the Aleutian Islands, Japan's Izu Islands, the Kuril Islands, the Ryukyu Islands and most of the Solomon Islands, were also excluded from his definition. In Kiribati, a Parliamentary regime, the President of Kiribati is the head of state and government, and of a multi-party system. [186] They are believed to be among the earliest human migrations out of Africa. PopulationPyramid.net Piramide della Popolazione Mondiale dal 1950 al 2100. The island states of Indonesia, Japan, the Philippines, Singapore and Taiwan, all located within the bounds of the Pacific or associated marginal seas, are excluded from the UN definition. The main continental landmass of Oceania is Australia. [345], Mercer Quality of Living Survey ranks Sydney tenth in the world in terms of quality of living,[346] making it one of the most livable cities. International and domestic tourism contributes, in total, NZ$24 billion to New Zealand's economy every year. [249] The northernmost point of the east coast is the tropical-rainforested Cape York Peninsula. Around 40 million people live in Australia/Oceania, the smallest continent. The Solomon Islands would have the highest population growth rate of 2.49%, followed by Vanuatu (2.38%). These territories and regions are subject to various additional categorisations, depending on the source and purpose of each description. Pain, C.F., Villans, B.J., Roach, I.C., Worrall, L. & Wilford, J.R. (2012): Old, flat and red Australia's distinctive landscape. [15], The arrival of European settlers in subsequent centuries resulted in a significant alteration in the social and political landscape of Oceania. Petroglyphs, tattooing, painting, wood carving, stone carving, and textile work are other common art forms. What is the population of USA? [234], Polynesia, stretching from Hawaii in the north to New Zealand in the south, also encompasses Tuvalu, Tokelau, Samoa, Tonga, and the Kermadec Islands to the west, the Cook Islands, Society Islands and Austral Islands in the center, and the Marquesas Islands, the Tuamotus, Mangareva Islands, and Easter Island to the east. However, Tyler included other Pacific islands in his book as well, such as the Aleutian Islands, the Bonin Islands, the Japanese archipelago, the Juan Fernndez Islands, the Kuril Islands, the Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan, California's Channel Islands and Farallon Islands, Canada's Vancouver Island and Queen Charlotte Islands (now known as Haida Gwaii), Chile's Chilo Island, Ecuador's Galpagos Islands, Mexico's Guadalupe Island, Revillagigedo Islands, San Benito Islands and Tres Maras Islands, and Peru's Chincha Islands. One surviving ship led by Juan Sebastin Elcano returned west across the Indian Ocean and the other went north in the hope of finding the westerlies and reaching Mexico. Omissions? The Ahmadiyya mosque in Marshall Islands is the only mosque in Micronesia. [443] In Papua New Guinea, the most popular sport is Rugby league. The Oceania is the continent least populated in the world, with a population density of 5hab./km. In Tonga, everyday life is heavily influenced by Polynesian traditions and especially by the Christian faith. [40][41] Prior to the 1950s, before the popularization of the theory of plate tectonics, Antarctica, Australia and Greenland were sometimes described as island continents, but none were usually taught as one of the world's continents in English-speaking countries. "[91] It added there was controversy over the exact limits of Oceania, saying that, "scarcely any two geographers appear to be quite agreed upon the subject". Trends i. Most islands in the Pacific are high islands (volcanic islands), such as, Easter Island, American Samoa and Fiji, among others, having peaks up to 1300 m rising abruptly from the shore. The three remaining ships, led by Magellan and his captains Duarte Barbosa and Joo Serro, then sailed north and caught the trade winds which carried them across the Pacific to the Philippines where Magellan was killed. Population Pyramids: OCEANIA - 2022. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). A major economic and cultural powerhouse of the Southern Hemisphere, Auckland is ranked as a Beta+ world city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. "[32] Scottish geographer John Bartholomew wrote in 1873 that, "the New World consists of North America, and the peninsula of South America attached to it. The smallest and least populous dependency in Oceania is the New Zealand-controlled island of Tokelau, which has a land area of just 10 km 2, and a population of just over 1,300. [59], Islands at the geographic extremes of Oceania are generally considered to be the Bonin Islands, a politically integral part of Japan; Hawaii, a state of the United States; Clipperton Island, a possession of France; the Juan Fernndez Islands, belonging to Chile; and Macquarie Island, belonging to Australia. [434], Rugby union is one of the region's most prominent sports,[435] and is the national sport of New Zealand, Samoa, Fiji and Tonga. Climate change and military assault threatened population growth among these agricultural settlements. "[122] Australia, New Guinea, New Zealand and New Caledonia (which is geologically associated with New Zealand) were all excluded, as these areas are descendants of the ancient Pangaea supercontinent, along with landmasses such as the Americas and Afro-Eurasia. Most of them have little economic or political importance." "[45] Australia is a founding member of the Pacific Islands Forum in 1971, and at times has been interpreted as the largest Pacific island. [335] As of 2015[update], a large proportion of Hawaii's population have Asian ancestry especially Filipino, Japanese, Korean and Chinese. "[143] In his 1993 book A New Oceania: Rediscovering Our Sea of Islands, New Guinea-born Fijian scholar Epeli Hauofa wrote that, "Pacific Ocean islands from Japan, through the Philippines and Indonesia, which are adjacent to the Asian mainland, do not have oceanic cultures, and are therefore not part of Oceania. Prange, Gordon W., Goldstein, Donald, & Dillon, Katherine. All summits over 2,900 m are within the Southern Alps, a chain that forms the backbone of the South Island; the highest peak of which is Aoraki / Mount Cook, at 3,754 metres (12,316ft). [280] In the tropical western Pacific, the monsoon and the related wet season during the summer months contrast with dry winds in the winter which blow over the ocean from the Asian landmass. [248] The coastal uplands and a belt of Brigalow grasslands lie between the coast and the mountains, while inland of the dividing range are large areas of grassland. [250][251][252][253][254], Prominent features of the Australian flora are adaptations to aridity and fire which include scleromorphy and serotiny. [56][57] The Pacific Plate covers the Solomon Islands and parts of New Zealand, as well as Micronesia (excluding the westernmost islands near the Philippine Sea Plate) and Polynesia (excluding Easter Island). If you are a dynamic individual seeking a new career opportunity, read further The Programme in Health Services and Systems Research (HSSR) at the Medical School in Singapore invites applications from outstanding candidates. Afghanistan , Albania , Algeria , American Samoa , Andorra , Angola , Anguilla , Antigua and Barbuda , Argentina , Armenia , Aruba , Australia , Austria , Az. Tuvaluan, Samoan, I-Kiribati (on the island of Nui) Vanuatu. Much of the basement rock of New Zealand was once part of the super-continent of Gondwana, along with South America, Africa, Madagascar, India, Antarctica and Australia. There are a considerable number of Pacific Islands outside the tropics. The Hawaiian Islands receive most of their precipitation during the winter months (October to April). The northern parts of the country have a tropical climate. The population of the Oceania / Pacific region is approximately 300 million. Nine countries have a growth rate above 1%. 12.1.2021-3.1.2023 Daily new confirmed COVID-19 cases per million people - 7-day rolling average - LOGCOVID-19 Data ExplorerOur World in Data https . They further include in this region Salas y Gmez, a small uninhabited island to the east of Easter Island. [197] The prehistories of many Micronesian islands such as Yap are not known very well. "[138], In his 1994 book Familia Gekkonidae (Reptilia, Sauria). The book observed that a native Polynesian language was still understood on Easter Island, unlike with the other islands, which were uninhabited when discovered by Europeans and mostly being used as prisons for convicts. In this book the other two continents were categorized as being the New World (consisting of the Americas) and the Old World (consisting of Afro-Eurasia). Teachers are encouraged to have their students use the Data Sheet for a variety of topics and activities. They were named by Krusenstern, after English explorer John Marshall, who visited them together with Thomas Gilbert in 1788, en route from Botany Bay to Canton (two ships of the First Fleet). [145][146] In their 2019 book Women and Violence: Global Lives in Focus, Kathleen Nadeau and Sangita Rayamajhi wrote that, "the Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, and most of Indonesia are not usually considered to be part of the region of Oceania as it is understood today. In 1842, Tahiti and Tahuata were declared a French protectorate, to allow Catholic missionaries to work undisturbed. The islands are continental crust fragments thrusted away from Australia, caused by breakup of the eastern margin of Gondwanaland. This is an increase of 1.56 % (683,190 people) compared to population of 43,733,573 the year before. [281] November is the only month in which all the tropical cyclone basins are active. South Island is dominated by the Southern Alps. Population growth through agriculture ii. [1] Table [ edit] Oceanian population by country (top 8). "[114], In her 1997 book Australia and Oceania, Australian historian Kate Darian-Smith defined the area as covering Australia, New Zealand and the islands of the Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. [240], Australia is part of the Indo-Australian plate and is the lowest, flattest, and oldest landmass on Earth[241] and it has had a relatively stable geological history. The current population of Oceania is 44,124,398 as of Friday, February 24, 2023, based on the latest United Nations estimates. In 2011, Hawaii saw increasing arrivals and share of foreign tourists from Canada, Australia, and China increasing 13%, 24% and 21% respectively from 2010. [50][51][52] The Pacific Ocean itself has been labelled as a "continent of islands", and contains approximately 25,000, which is more than all the other major oceans combined. Since 1945, more than 7 million people have settled in Australia. In the Anglo-Saxon continental model, Oceania is called only Australia. [436] The most popular sport among Australian women is netball, while Australian rules football garners the highest spectatorship numbers and television ratings. How many regions is Oceania divided into? [258] The two species of Brighamia B. rockii and B. insignis are represented in the wild by around 120 individual plants. Oceania is a geographical area that comprises of Australia- the smallest continent in terms of the total land area and also comprises of thousands of islands across the central and south Pacific Ocean. 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