Huge herds of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) feed on these tiny plants.The taiga, which stretches across northern Europe just south of the tundra, is composed of coniferous forests, with trees such as pine, spruce, and fir. The worn-down Ural Mountains also belong in that category, and their highest point, Mount Narodnaya (6,217 feet [1,895 metres]), corresponds approximately to that of the Massif Central in south-central France. This idea of citizenshipof being connected to and having a voice in your communitybecame the basic building block of democracy. For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. 16 S Sunwood Ln , Sandy, UT 84092 is a single-family home listed for-sale at $1,295,000. The spacious eastern steppes and, to the west and north, primeval forests as yet only marginally touched by human occupancy further underlined environmental contrasts. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries. Le site web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement. Larger only than Australia, it is a small appendage of Eurasia. 5 x Fun Facts about Europe The longest town name in Europe is Lanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogo, in Wales The Czech Republic is the most beer-drinking country per capita There are more UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Europe than any other continent in the world The highest toilet can be found at Mount Blanc 5. geography of Scandinavia facts. Among the alternative boundaries proposed by geographers that have gained wide acceptance is a scheme that sees the crest of the Greater Caucasus range as the dividing line between Europe and Asia, placing Ciscaucasia, the northern part of the Caucasus region, in Europe and Transcaucasia, the southern part, in Asia. The city of Milan is regarded as a major fashion capital, hosting an international fashion week twice a year. The United States and the Soviet Union built up huge nuclear arsenals, with many missiles aimed at targets throughout Europe. [citation needed] These two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Pyrenees and the Alps/Carpathians. The Apennines, Dinaric Alps, and Balkan Mountains, as well as the arc-shaped Carpathian Mountains and their southern portion, the Transylvanian Alps, also exhibit high elevations. Among the struggling economies that may suffer from carbon emission limits are Romania, Bulgaria, and Moldova.Thus, it seems that Europes historic disparities between north and south, west and east, will continue to widen in the future. The major peninsula of Scandinavia is mostly upland and highland, with its relief greatest at the descent to the Norwegian fjords and the sea; eastward and southward the seas are approached more gently. Corrections? But, I agree - the lines are very blurred. Superficial rock cover, elevation, drainage, and soil have sharply differentiated those lowlandswhich are of prime importance to human settlementinto areas of marsh or fen, clay vales, sand and gravel heaths, or river terraces and fertile plains. (South of Northern Ireland is the separate country of Ireland, which gained its independence from the U.K. in 1937.) A study completed by the Berlin Institute for Population and Development found that Scandinavia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, western Germany, Switzerland, Slovenia, Austria, and France have the best prospects of supporting vibrant and economically successful societies. 21,946 km 2 (8,473 sq mi) Georgia is a country in the Caucasus region, on the coast of the Black Sea. The financial and diplomatic success of the EU has led to its rapid growth across the continent.The euro is one of the strongest currencies in the world. Longest beach The longest beach in Ireland is a continuous 20km stretch of sand in County Wexford connecting Cahore Point to The Raven Point. Please enable JavaScript. Topographic maps (often called topo maps for short) are large scale maps, often greater than 1:50,000, which means that one inch on the map equals 50,000 inches on the ground. The 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference was held in Copenhagen, Denmark. An arc of uplands also exists along the northwestern seaboard, beginning in southwestern Ireland, continuing across through western and northern Great Britain, and up along the mountainous, fjord-cut spine of Norway. Luxembourg is landlocked, separated from the North Sea by Belgium.. Kosovo is a. Any interactives on this page can only be played while you are visiting our website. Europe is the western peninsula of the giant "supercontinent" of Eurasia. The population within the standard physical geographical boundaries was 701 million in 2005 according to the United Nations. Not only is it pretty huge (2.5 times the size of Mount Vesuvius, which so famously buried Pompeii), but it is also one of the most active volcanoes in the world. In 2005, the Danish newspaper Jyllands-Posten published 12 cartoons featuring Islamic subjects. If no button appears, you cannot download or save the media. The Bosporus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles conclude the Asian boundary. The Brde (German: edge) belt lies at the northern foot of the Central European Uplands and the Carpathians. Establishing fishing limits, protecting threatened habitats, and encouraging sustainable consumption habits are some efforts supported by European conservationists. Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula to the south of France and Andorra and to the east of Portugal. Looking for interesting facts about Austria? Europe is a peninsula of the Eurasian supercontinent and is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south.Europe's main peninsulas are the Iberian, Italian, and Balkan, located in southern Europe, and the Scandinavian and Jutland, located in Northern Europe. Historically, Europe has been a center of immigration. City-states were unique in that they were governed not by a hereditary ruler, but by a political body that represented its citizens. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. There are more bicycles than people in the country (22.3 million bicycles and 17 million people). They serve as traditional labels of geographic location. European countries saw an increase in immigration after World War II. Many Muslim organizations, however, saw the cartoons as bigoted, racist, and insulting. The highest points reached in Norway and Sweden are, respectively, Galdh Peak (8,100 feet [2,469 metres]) and Mount Kebne (6,926 feet [2,111 metres]). Lets take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. Check out this amazing list of Austria facts that include history, food, culture, and more. Routes detour around, or seek gaps through, those uplandswhose German appellation, Horst (thicket), recalls their still wooded character, while their coal basins give them great economic importance. Encyclopedic entry. World War II also left more than 40 million refugees, contributed to the independence of European colonies throughout the world, and devastated the urban infrastructure of many European cities.As a result of the devastation of World War II, Western Europes leadership in global politics diminished. Critics argue the move was racist.Future IssuesAn important predictor of Europes political and economic future is its efforts to minimize the effects of climate change.Europe is often seen as a world leader in environmentally friendly technologies and legislation. As a continent with hugely diverse topography, the geographical facts about Europe are going to be an interesting collection. It stands 10,922 feet high on the coast of the Mediterranean island Sicily. Europe also supports high densities of population, concentrated in urban-industrial regions. In 1397, Denmark's Queen Margaret created the Kalmar Union, which included Sweden, Finland, Norway . About a quarter of marine mammals are threatened.Today, around 15 percent of Europe's animal species are threatened or endangered, mainly by habitat loss, pollution, overexploitation, and competition from invasive species. The eastward limits now adopted by most geographers exclude the Caucasus region and encompass a small portion of Kazakhstan, where the European boundary formed by the northern Caspian coast is connected to that of the Urals by Kazakhstans Emba River and Mughalzhar (Mugodzhar) Hills, themselves a southern extension of the Urals. Iceland, having area of 103 000 km, is larger than Ireland (84 406 km). For information on user permissions, please read our Terms of Service. A convenient division is made by a line linking the base of the peninsula of Jutland with the head of the Adriatic Sea. Omissions? The Volga River in Russia. You cannot download interactives. Glaciation is the process of land being transformed by glaciers or ice sheets. The continent also comprises numerous islands, somenotably the Faroes and Icelandlocated at a distance from the mainland. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. These events had a devastating effect on Denmarks reputation as a progressive and welcoming country. The EU works to create a unified structure for social, environmental, military, and economic policies of its member states.Today, the European Union is composed of 27 member states, with new members mainly coming from central and eastern Europe. The continent, excluding Russia, contains less than one-tenth of the total population of the world, but in general its people are well educated and highly skilled. Only North Korea has such high literacy rates as Ukraine. The debate surrounding the cartoons also intensified strained relations between the Islamic world and the West.In 2010, the French government dismantled illegal immigrant camps throughout France. [2] A prehistoric perspective would include Britain and Ireland as the core of a further very significant European peninsula prior to the post-glacial rise in sea-levels.[3]. Flora & FaunaMuch like its physical regions, Europe's plant and animal communities follow a general north-south orientation. The city is home to the headquarters of luxury brands such as Valentino, Gucci, Versace, and Prada. Mountain ranges, such as the Alps and the Carpathian mountains, have a highland climate with large variations according to altitude and latitude. The Netherlands shares its maritime borders with UK and France. This is the largest landlocked country in the world. The only primate native to Europe, the Barbary macaque (Macaca sylvanus), inhabits this Mediterranean basin. The ancient, often mineral-laden rocks of the northwestern highlands, their contours softened by prolonged erosion and glaciation, are found throughout much of Iceland, in Ireland, and in northern and western Britain and Scandinavia. Geographically, Turkey forms a natural land bridge between the old world continents of Asia, Africa and Europe. Sub-regions such as Iberia and Italy contain their own complex features, as does mainland Europe itself, where the relief contains many plateaus, river valleys, and basins that complicate the general trend. The Grand Canal, Venice, Italy. A volcanos violent nature thus came from the work of Hephaestus and the anger of the imprisoned gods.The ancient Greeks connection to the sea also deeply influenced their mythological beliefs. It has coastlines on the Bay of Biscay (a part of the Atlantic Ocean) and the Mediterranean Sea.Spain's capital and largest city is Madrid, and the country is known for its long history, unique culture, strong economy, and very high living standards. They created clothing and tents out of reindeer hides, sewing together the cloth with twine made from the animals tendons.Keeping track of herds and individual animals became increasingly important in Sami life. Europe is the second-smallest continent. Sweden has a long history that began with prehistoric hunting camps in the southernmost part of the country. Europes largest islands and archipelagoes include Novaya Zemlya, Franz Josef Land, Svalbard, Iceland, the Faroe Islands, the British Isles, the Balearic Islands, Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Malta, Crete, and Cyprus. I think this makes it easy to assume they are not part of continental Europe. The empire of ancient Rome, at its greatest extent in the 2nd century ce, revealed, and imprinted its culture on, much of the face of the continent. The link between these peninsulas has made Europe a dominant economic, social, and cultural force throughout recorded history.Europe's physical geography, environment and resources, and human geography can be considered separately.Europe can be divided into four major physical regions, running from north to south: Western Uplands, North European Plain, Central Uplands, and Alpine Mountains.Western UplandsThe Western Uplands, also known as the Northern Highlands, curve up the western edge of Europe and define the physical landscape of Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.The Western Uplands is defined by hard, ancient rock that was shaped by glaciation. The name Europe may also come from combining the Greek roots eur- (wide) and -op (seeing) to form the phrase wide-gazing.Europe is often described as a peninsula of peninsulas. A peninsula is a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides. That broad territory reveals no simple unity of geologic structure, landform, relief, or climate. World War I (1914-1918) left about 16 million people dead. Some of these facts about Europe are newer than others. One Capital of Culture of 2011, Turku, Finland, focused on cultures positive influence on health and well-being. Join this channel to get access to perks:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC43qCBEfmy-wouPmYlLSpIg/join#europe #India #gypsiesContact Us- info@themysticaland.. Ancient Greeks also believed reigning gods imprisoned lesser gods underneath the volcanoes. Switzerland, federated country of central Europe. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians.High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region. Within the standard geographical boundaries, it is comprised of 737 million. The overall population of Europe is set to drop from roughly 590 million to 542 million by 2050. The Sami followed and cared for these herds during their grazing cycle. The North European Plain, common to much of Poland, northern Germany, and Denmark, broadens in western France and continues, across the narrow seas, in southeastern Great Britain and Ireland. Those highland areas include lands of abundant rainfallwhich supplies hydroelectricity and water to industrial citiesand provide summer pastures for cattle. The coasts of the northwestern highlandsand in particular the fjords of Norwayinvite maritime enterprise. Asia is not Europe ;-). In partitioning the globe into meaningful large geographic units, therefore, most modern geographers treated the former Soviet Union as a distinct territorial entity, comparable to a continent, that was somewhat separate from Europe to the west and from Asia to the south and east; that distinction has been maintained for Russia, which constituted three-fourths of the Soviet Union. The Volga River in Russia is Europe's longest river. These countries included Greece, Ireland, Spain, and Portugal. In the extreme northern part (northernmost Russia; Svalbard), bordering the Arctic Ocean, is tundra climate (Et). This honor goes to Gouffre Mirolda in France. Europe Europe, second smallest of the world's continents, composed of the westward-projecting peninsulas of Eurasia (the great landmass that it shares with Asia) and occupying nearly one-fifteenth of the world's total land area. CORDIS website requires JavaScript enabled in order to work properly. During the harsh winter, the Sami ate all parts of the animal. More than half of Europe consists of lowlands, standing mostly below 600 feet (180 metres) but infrequently rising to 1,000 feet (300 metres). Steppe plains cover the north of Kazakhstan. The audio, illustrations, photos, and videos are credited beneath the media asset, except for promotional images, which generally link to another page that contains the media credit. Editor of, Professor of Geography, Birkbeck College, University of London, 194770. National Geographic Society is a 501 (c)(3) organization. The United States began to lead the Western world, while the Soviet Union, with its capital in the Eastern European city of Moscow, Russia, led the so-called Eastern Bloc. Europe extends from the island nation of Iceland in the west to the Ural Mountains of Russia in the east. In order to distinguish herds, families and communities developed a pattern of cuts and notches on the animals ears.Reindeer were also the Samis main method of transporting goods during their nomadic journeys. The consensus is, however, that the largest glacier in Europe is the Vatnajokull glacier in Iceland. The Rights Holder for media is the person or group credited. Important highlands in this region include the Massif Central and the Vosges in France, the Ardennes of Belgium, the Black Forest and the Taunus in Germany, and the Ore and Sudeten in the Czech Republic. Population growth is comparatively slow, and median age comparatively high in relation to the world's other continents. Population growth in Europe is rather minimal with minimal age comparatively high. 11. The Holocaust was the mass murder of Jews under the Nazi regime. Many of Europe's fjords are located in Iceland and Scandinavia.North European PlainThe North European Plain extends from the southern United Kingdom east to Russia. (The East and North European plains are known together as the European Plain.) Indented by numerous bays, fjords, and seas, continental Europes highly irregular coastline is about 24,000 miles (38,000 km) long. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby islands. Fr die fehlerfreie Verwendung der CORDIS-Website muss JavaScript aktiviert sein. Even though the country borders have been redrawn since the Soviet days, the continental borders never have. The former is of North Atlantic volcanic formation, while the latter consist of upland areas once joined to the mainland until cut off by rising sea levels. The study also showed that only 8 percent of respondents considered language-learning unimportant.The European Union has adopted a multilingual language policy with the goal that everyone should be able to speak at least two languages in addition to their own. Above all, in southern EuropeAustria and Switzerland includedlevel, low-lying land is scarce, and mountain, plateau, and hill landforms dominate. Fortuitously, Europe has no continuous mountain obstacle aligned north-south, corresponding, for example, to the Western Cordillera of North America and the Andes Mountains of South America, that would limit access into western Europe from the ocean. This is to be found at Le Baule-Escoublac, on the southern coast of Brittany. National Geographic Headquarters 1145 17th Street NW Washington, DC 20036. Yet it was not until the 19th and 20th centuries that modern science was able to draw with some precision the geologic and geographic lineaments of the European continent, the peoples of which had meanwhile achieved domination overand set in motion vast countervailing movements amongthe inhabitants of much of the rest of the globe (see Western colonialism). Understanding Europe's Topography. Fast Facts: France Official Name: French Republic Capital: Paris Population: 67,364,357 (2018) Note: This figure is for metropolitan France and five overseas regions; the metropolitan France population is 62,814,233 During this time, a number of anti-communist revolutions swept central and eastern Europe. The Republic of Ireland occupies 80 percent of this landmass, while a large chunk of land in the north, called Northern Ireland, is part of the United Kingdom.All together, the island of Ireland is made up of 32 counties. Europe Facts | Religion: Most of the European people are Christians (76%) and there are smaller numbers of Muslims (6%) and Jews and other beliefs. 1. It is bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the west by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the south (west to east) by the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Kuma-Manych Depression, and the Caspian Sea. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The population of the City of Brussels is ~175,000. El "cambio climtico" abarca el calentamiento global, pero se refiere a la gama ms amplia de cambios que le estn ocurriendo a nuestro planeta. Although this area remains heavily forested, the continent's forests were drastically reduced as a result of intense urbanization throughout human history. Let's take a short tour around some of the most notable geographical facts about Europe. Imperialism is a policy of extending a nations power and influence through diplomacy or military force. Note: Italy's capital, Rome, is the country's largest city if only the municipality (comune) is considered. Switzerland's small sizeits total area is about half that of Scotlandand its modest population give little indication of its international significance. Europe pushing for lunar time zone, Italy migrant tragedy death toll over 60; dozens missing, World shares mixed after slight gains on Wall Street, Sun, wind aplenty, Spain vies to lead EU in green hydrogen. Sometimes considered a transcontinental country, it is located at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, [2] and is today generally regarded as part of Europe. Physiographically, it is the northwestern peninsula of the larger landmass known as Eurasia (or the larger Afro-Eurasia ); Asia occupies the centre and east of this continuous landmass. Ancient Greeks believed it was the home of the gods. Economically, Russia and former Soviet states are not part of what we think of as Europe these days, because they are not part of the European Union. The northern plains are delimited in the west by the Scandinavian mountains and the mountainous parts of the British Isles. Nearly 100% of Ukraine's adult population is literate. In this case, the region of Western Europe includes the regions of northern Europe, southern Europe, Central Europe, and the British Isles. The most important rivers in Europe are Danube, Volga, Rhine, Elbe, Oder and Dnieper, among others. This rescue package has caused tensions to rise between economically competitive countries and the indebted countries that they are helping to rescue. Iceland and the British Isles are special cases. The word democracy has Greek roots: demos-, meaning people, and -kratos, meaning power. Prominent Greek philosophers, such as Socrates and Plato, discussed democratic ideals in their writings. During the Middle Ages, dominant European powers conquered the strategically important mountain territory of the Alps. Fewer than a million people are fluent in Romansch. Milan is also home to important European fashion magazines, such as Grazia, Vogue Italia, and Vera.German automotive design has a global reputation for excellence and prestige. From the smallest town in the world to the biggest church on earth, and from a knighted penguin to a country free of mosquitoes, there are hundreds of random and fun facts about Europe. East of the Vistula River, Europes expansive lowlands have something of the scale and character of those of northern Asia. Population Density188 people per square kilometer, Highest ElevationMount Elbrus, Russia (5,642 meters/18,510 feet), Most Renewable Electricity ProducedIceland (99.9%; hydropower, geothermal), Largest Urban AreaMoscow, Russia (16.2 million people), Largest WatershedVolga River (1.38 million square km/532,821 square miles). Western Europe and parts of Central Europe generally fall into the temperate maritime climate (Cfb), the southern part is mostly a Mediterranean climate (mostly Csa, smaller area with Csb), the north-central part and east into central Russia is mostly a humid continental climate (Dfb) and the northern part of the continent is a subarctic climate (Dfc). Nations that use the euro as a unit of currency are called the eurozone.Leadership of the EU, split among different branches and institutions, is a working model of international cooperation. The relationship between the United States, with a free-market economy, and the Soviet Union, with a communist economy, was known as the Cold War.The Iron Curtain represents Europes political geography during the Cold War. The lowest terrain in Europe, virtually lacking relief, stands at the head of the Caspian Sea; there the Caspian Depression reaches some 95 feet (29 metres) below sea level. 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Web de CORDIS ncessite lactivation de JavaScript pour fonctionner correctement km ) from roughly 590 million to 542 million 2050. By simple, minimalist design and low-cost mass production user permissions, please read Terms... The harsh winter, the geographical facts about Europe and influence through diplomacy or military force website requires enabled... World War I ( 1914-1918 ) left about 16 million people ),,! Winter, the geographical facts about Europe are Danube, Volga, Rhine,,! Of immigration citation needed ] these two halves are separated by the mountain chains of the Black Sea,... ( 3 ) organization ) ( 5 facts about europe's topography ) organization Greeks also believed reigning gods imprisoned lesser gods underneath volcanoes! As bigoted, racist, and the indebted countries that they are not part of continental.! Population within the standard physical geographical boundaries was 701 million in 2005, the Sami ate all parts of Alps! 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