He was the second of three sons of Luise Mthilde Wilhelmine (Hommel) and Albert Friedrich Speer. "[142] He supported Hermann, his brother, financially after the war. [50] In his final statement at Nuremberg, Speer gave the impression of apologizing, although he did not directly admit any personal guilt and the only victim he mentioned was the German people. He was able to curtail the discussion that the war should be ended. Speer's full length portrait of Hitler has unnerving reality. Speer returned to London in 1981 to participate in the BBC Newsnight programme. Thanks! [5] Speer was active in sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering. Naval armaments were not under Speer's supervision until October 1943, nor the Luftwaffe's armaments until June of the following year. It was for the maltreatment of these people, that Speer was principally convicted at the Nuremberg Trials. [100] Speer gained control over the railways in February, and asked Heinrich Himmler to supply concentration camp prisoners to work on their repair. On May 15th, 1945, the Americans captured Speer and quizzed him on the success or otherwise of the Allied bombing campaign. [54], In 1941, Speer was elected to the Reichstag from electoral constituency 2 (Berlin-West). In July1932, the Speers visited Berlin to help out the Party before the Reichstag elections. [55] On 8 February 1942, Reich Minister of Armaments and Munitions Fritz Todt died in a plane crash shortly after taking off from Hitler's eastern headquarters at Rastenburg. Na Nrnberkom procesu preuzeo je moralnu odgovornost za svoja djela te je priznao ignorantnost po pitanju Holokausta. [118] On 1 October 1946, he was sentenced to 20 years' imprisonment. never got along so good before or after. These centered on a three-mile-long grand boulevard running from north to south, which Speer called the Prachtstrasse, or Street of Magnificence;[35] he also referred to it as the "NorthSouth Axis". However Speer secured Hitler's support, and on 1 March 1942, Gring signed a decree naming Speer "General Plenipotentiary for Armament Tasks" in the Four Year Plan. . For Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, AS+P completes the planning of the Ministry of Commerce and Investment (MCI). A close ally of Adolf Hitler, he was convicted at the Nuremberg trials and sentenced to 20 years in prison. like so many other Germans his body was never found or returned to . [10] After passing his exams in 1927, Speer became Tessenow's assistant, a high honor for a man of 22. [91], On 14 April 1944, Speer lost control of Organisation Todt to his Deputy, Franz Xaver Dorsch. Like many of those in power in the Third Reich, he was not an ideologue, "nor was he anything more than an instinctive anti-Semite. Berthold Konrad Hermann Albert Speer (German: [pe] ( listen); March 19, 1905 - September 1, 1981) was a German architect who was, for a part of World War II, Minister of Armaments and War Production for the Third Reich. Ignored his parents' request to use his position to bring home his brother from Stalingrad. In the letter, Speer says, "There is no doubtI was present as Himmler announced on October 6, 1943, that all Jews would be killed. Profile manager: Gordon Becker [ send private message ] Speer states that even if Germany concentrated all of its resources, it would have been 1947 before they could have had an atom bomb. [47] Speer denied he knew they were being put on Holocaust trains and claimed that those displaced were, "Completely free and their families were still in their apartments". [64] Another factor that produced the boom in ammunition was the policy of allocating more coal to the steel industry. House Albert Speer (4) Location: Take the road in front of the Gutshof back uphill to the Berghof. He met Hitler and toured the damaged Chancellery before leaving Berlin to return to Hamburg. - London, 1. rujna 1981.) The journalist had unwittingly collaborated in one of his myths. [146] So great was the need to believe this "Speer Myth" that Fest and Siedler were able to strengthen iteven in the face of mounting historical evidence to the contrary. Speer went on to quote Hitler as telling him privately after the remilitarization of the Rhineland, "We will create a great empire. [139] Although he stated he hoped to resume an architectural career, his sole project, a collaboration for a brewery, was unsuccessful. ", The main body of the book effectively ends when Speer, by this point having joined Karl Dnitz's government seated in Schleswig-Holstein, receives news of Hitler's death. Speer in response used his propaganda expertise to display a new dynamism of the war economy. [26], Speer also sought to portray himself as an opponent of Hitler's leadership. They're private residences. [164] Brechtken said that if his extensive involvement in the Holocaust had been known at the time of his trial he would have been sentenced to death. August 1, 2017. By the time Prisoner Number 5Albert Speerwalked out of Spandau Prison on 1 October 1966, he was known to the world as the "Good Nazi.". Sauckel had whole villages in France, Holland and Belgium forcibly rounded up and shipped to Speer's factories. Another myth posits that Speer revolutionized the German war machine after his appointment as Minister of Armaments. Speer described the personalities of many Nazi officials, including Joseph Goebbels, Hermann Gring, Heinrich Himmler, Rudolf Hess, Martin Bormann, and, of course, Hitler himself. Inside the Third Reich begins with an account of Speer's childhood, followed by a description of his role as Heinrich Tessenow's assistant at the Technical University of Berlin. Martin Kitchen, writing in Speer: Hitler's Architect, stated that much of the increase in Germany's arms production was actually due to systems instituted by Speer's predecessor (Fritz Todt) and furthermore that Speer was intimately involved in the "Final Solution". While he sought to frustrate directives to destroy industrial facilities in areas at risk of capture, so that they could be used after the war, he still supported the war's continuation. Speer died of a stroke in 1981. Under his leadership, the Nazis implemented a brutal regime of slave labour in armaments factories across Germany. [150], He had remained married to his wife, but he had formed a relationship with a German woman living in London and was with her at the time of his death. Inside the Third Reich (German: Erinnerungen, "Memories") is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Adolf Hitler's main architect before this period. He admitted only to being uncomfortable around Jews in the published version of the Spandau Diaries. he is one of Germany's top architects. All of the Germanic peoples will be included in it. Albert was active in sports, taking up skiing and mountaineering. [76], Following his appointment as Minister of Armaments, Speer was in control of armaments production solely for the Army. Hitler's cabinet was dismayed at his tactics, but, regardless, he was able to accumulate new responsibilities and more power. His sentence of twenty years amounted to 7,305 days, which only allotted one and a half days per book. Most days he was invited to dinner. It had been edited by Wolters and made no mention of the Jews. Which he succeeded in doing, with or without Hitler. In the aftermath of the Night of the Long Knives, he had been commissioned to renovate the Borsig Palace on the corner of Vostrae and Wilhelmstrae as headquarters of the Sturmabteilung (SA). [40] Speer was involved virtually from the beginning. Sereny gained respect for his sincerity in his personal "battle with truth.". [110] After Hitler's death, Speer offered his services to the so-called Flensburg Government, headed by Hitler's successor, Karl Dnitz. It began in 1932 but had not supplied any weaponry. He was 76 years old. [96] In January 1945, Speer told Goebbels that armaments production could be sustained for at least a year. [5], Following his release from Spandau, Speer donated the Chronicle, his personal diary, to the German Federal Archives. [43], During the Chancellery project, the pogrom of Kristallnacht took place. The journalist described an invented scenario in which Speer had refused Hitler's orders and Hitler had left with tears in his eyes. His architectural skills made him increasingly prominent within the Party, and he became a member of Hitler's inner circle. [15], In January 1931, Speer applied for Nazi Party membership, and on 1 March 1931, he became member number 474,481. Albert Speer Jr., one of the most important German architects and urban planners, died unexpectedly on September 15, 2017 in Frankfurt. [136] Speer served a full term and was released at midnight on 1 October 1966. This formed a key element of the myths Speer encouraged. He maintained Hitler was cool towards him for the remainder of his life after learning they had included him on a list of potential ministers. The myth began to fall apart in the 1980s, when the armaments miracle was attributed to Nazi propaganda. [163] By 1999, historians had amply demonstrated that Speer had lied extensively. [29] Speer insisted that as many events as possible be held at night, both to give greater prominence to his lighting effects and to hide the overweight Nazis. [44] The chancellery was completed in early January 1939. [50], As Germany started World War II in Europe, Speer instituted quick-reaction squads to construct roads or clear away debris; before long, these units would be used to clear bomb sites. Showing 28 distinct works. [58] Characteristically Hitler did not give Speer any clear remit; he was left to fight his contemporaries in the regime for power and control. [1]:314320, Speer describes Wunderwaffen such as the Me 262 project, flying wing jet planes, a remote-controlled flying bomb, a rocket plane, a rocket missile based on infrared homing, designs for a four-motored jet bomber with the range to strike New York, and a torpedo based on sonar. [171] Brechtken said Speer only admitted to a generalized responsibility for the Holocaust to hide his direct and actual responsibility. This allowed an extra 300 huts to be built at Auschwitz, increasing the total human capacity to 132,000. [5], Another kind of criticism is the claim that Speer pretended that he was unaware of the extermination camps and presented the figure of a "good Nazi". [165] Trommer said he was not an apolitical technocrat; instead, he was one of the most powerful and unscrupulous leaders in the Nazi regime. [162], After Speer's death, Matthias Schmidt published a book that demonstrated that Speer had ordered the eviction of Jews from their Berlin homes. If built, the German Stadium would have accommodated 400,000 spectators. Das Cytoskelett; Vergleich Pflanzenzelle - Tierzelle: Unterschiede und Gemeinsamkeiten; Vergleich der Eigenschaften von prokaryotischen und eukaryotischen Zellen It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding . [60] It did not immediately dawn on his political rivals that his calls for rationalization and reorganization were hiding his desire to sideline them and take control. Born 1906 [location unknown] Ancestors. Yet each showed comparable increases in production despite not being under Speer's control. Post Albert Speer, Germany Architect. Startseite; Cytologie. [67] With Hitler's full agreement, he decided to prioritize tank production, and he was given unrivaled power to ensure success. Inside the Third Reich. Speer provided Hitler with a memorandum on 15 March, which detailed Germany's dire economic situation and sought approval to cease demolitions of infrastructure. One of Speer's grandfathers was among the most successful machine-tool manufacturers in Germany; the other was a well-known architect. He goes on to say that at the Nuremberg Trial he stated he "had to share the total responsibility for all that had happened", and that he "was inescapably contaminated morally". Inventing for Speer the post of General Inspector of Buildings, Hitler steadily promoted him to the point where other Nazi leaders and rivals believed that he might well become Hitler's successor. By the autumn of 1942 however, the estimated period for developing a weapon had increased to three to four years, much too long to affect the war. For other uses, see, Party architect and government functionary, Berlin's General Building Inspector (19371942). It was to prevent harming his son's budding career that Speer came to not re-enter architecture upon his 1966 release. "[16] The historian Magnus Brechtken, discussing Speer, said he did not give anti-Jewish public speeches and that his anti-Semitism can best be understood through his actionswhich were anti-Semitic. [129] To make his daily walks around the garden more engaging Speer embarked on an imaginary trip around the globe. Russia in the battle for Stalingrad. Described by associates as ice cold. The program while advanced proved to be an impediment to the war economy. [144] Wolters' friendship with Speer deteriorated and one year before Speer's death Wolters gave Matthias Schmidt access to the unedited Chronicle. The task force was established by 1 March 1944, orders of Speer, with support from Erhard Milch of the Reich Aviation Ministry. Speer, Albert, born 19-03-1905 in Mannheim, Baden Wrttemberg, as second of three brothers, Hermann born 1902 and Ernst born 1906, of Albert Friedrich Speer and Louise Mathilde Wilhelmine Speer (born Hommel). The Speer houses are on the right side. [83] His political rivals used the opportunity to undermine his authority and damage his reputation with Hitler. Der er bare lige den hage ved Moritz Schramms morfar, at han var den kendte topnazist Albert Speer fra Hitlers inderkreds, og at han i dag anses for at vre en af Anden Verdenskrigs helt store forbrydere. [1] In 1944, Speer established a task force to increase production of fighter aircraft. [155] Speer even invented his own birth's circumstances, stating falsely that he was born at midday amid crashes of thunder and bells of the nearby Christ Church, whereas it was between three and five o'clock, and the church was built only some years after. After one of these briefings, Hitler invited Speer to lunch, to the architect's great excitement. Instead, he issued the "Nero Decree" on 19 March, which called for the destruction of all infrastructure as the army retreated. [82] In mid-January 1944, Speer had a lung embolism and fell seriously ill. [3] Henry T. King, deputy prosecutor at the Nuremberg trials who later wrote a book about Speer said, "Love and warmth were lacking in the household of Speer's youth. It is considered to be one of the most detailed descriptions of the inner workings and leadership of Nazi Germany but is controversial because of Speer's lack of discussion of Nazi atrocities and questions regarding his degree of awareness or involvement with them. I presumably had a sense of somber events. She was a kind and simple lady, living for her children. His sister's name was Carrie. Speer has paid his penance for his part of the inner circle and had come to the realization of Germany's reality during WWII. [87], The Fighter Staff committee was instrumental in bringing about the increased exploitation of slave labor in the war economy. Madonna Speaks Out Following Brother Anthony Ciccone's Death Thanking Him for His 'Important . . Finally, in the summer of 1943, Speer released the 1200 metric tons of uranium stock for use in solid-core ammunition. In response, Hitler appointed Fritz Sauckel as a "manpower dictator" to obtain new workers. This movie is based on Speer's autobiography of the same name. Martin Kitchen, a British historian, says that the choice was not surprising. Trevor-Roper frequently refers to Speer as "a technocrat [who] nourished a technocrat's philosophy", one who cared only for his building projects or his ministerial duties, and who thought that politics was irrelevant, at least until Hitler's Nero Decree which Speer, according to his own telling, worked assiduously to counter. [38] The outbreak of World War II in 1939 led to the postponement, and later the abandonment, of these plans. Germany's armaments production had already begun to result in increases under his predecessor, Todt. Of the 60,000 people who ended up at the camp 20,000 died, due to the appalling conditions. [155] Isabell Trommer writes in her biography of Speer that Fest and Siedler were co-authors of Speer's memoirs and co-creators of his myths. Four years into their relationship, in September 1981, Speer died. In this capacity he was responsible for the Central Department for Resettlement that evicted Jewish tenants from their homes in Berlin. Victoria married. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, principally for the use of slave labor, narrowly avoiding a death sentence. He was more forthright in an interview with William Hamsher in which he said he joined the party in order to save "Germany from Communism". Summary: "Inside the Third Reich is a memoir written by Albert Speer, the Nazi Minister of Armaments from 1942 to 1945, serving as Adolf Hitler's main architect before this period. [21] As Chancellor, Hitler had a residence in the building and came by every day to be briefed by Speer and the building supervisor on the progress of the renovations. He agreed to expand Auschwitz and some other camps, allocating 13.7 million Reichsmarks for the work to be carried out. Many more buildings were planned. In February 1942, Speer was appointed as Reich Minister of Armaments and War Production. [77] His close relationship with Hitler provided him with political protection, and he was able to outwit and outmaneuver his rivals in the regime. [158] Speer, Siedler and Fest had constructed a masterpiece; the image of the "good Nazi" remained in place for decades, despite historical evidence indicating that it was false. Speer liked the scenario so much that he wrote it into his memoirs. [81], In response to the Allied Big Week, Adolf Hitler authorized the creation of a Fighter Staff committee. He assumed his German readers would not be so gullible and told them the Nazi Party offered a "new mission". [132] Willy Brandt was an advocate of his release,[133] putting an end to the de-Nazification proceedings against him,[134] which could have caused his property to be confiscated. [12] In Munich Speer began a close friendship, ultimately spanning over 50 years, with Rudolf Wolters, who also studied under Tessenow. He used his writings from the time of imprisonment as the basis for two autobiographical books, Inside the Third Reich and Spandau: The Secret Diaries. This led to the development of Germany's first cyclotron. Finally, Speer states, "Because I failed at the time, I still feel, to this day, responsible for Auschwitz in a wholly personal sense. [109] Speer was disappointed that Hitler had not selected him as his successor. [89] To increase production, Speer introduced a system of punishments for his workforce. Albert Speer (Mannheim, Nmetorszg, 1905. mrcius 19. On one such business trip, Speer's friend and close associate Hans Stephan unexpectedly found himself on the frontlines of war, an account he would later publish as Niederlndisches Tagebuch [Dutch Diary].The 38-year-old senior manager of GBI's planning department was on a multicity lecture tour to discuss "building in the new Germany and the redesign of the Reich capital." By July 1943 Speer's armaments propaganda became irrelevant because a catalogue of dramatic defeats on the battlefield meant the prospect of losing the war could no longer be hidden from the German public. Albert Speer, nemki arhitekt in politik, * 19. marec 1905, Mannheim, 1. september 1981, London, Zdrueno kraljestvo . by Durand 27 Jul 2005, 14:18, Post Want to Read. I recommend this book without reservations. by punktlich02 29 Oct 2009, 11:35, Return to The Dieter Zinke Axis Biographical Research Section. [92] The rockets were built at an underground factory at Mittelwerk. 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