The adjustment in subsection (b)(1) should be applied if the weapon was present, unless it is improbable that the weapon was connected with the offense. (iv) The defendant is convicted of selling 76,000 units of a Schedule III substance, 200,000units of a Schedule IV substance, and 600,000 units of a Schedule V substance. 230(f)(2)). 844(a). Statutory Provisions: 21 U.S.C. During a sentencing hearing held Feb. 21, U.S. District Judge Rebecca Goodgame Ebinger sentenced Divos to 174 months, or 14 years, in federal prison for Determining Drug Types and Drug Quantities.Types and quantities of drugs not specified in the count of conviction may be considered in determining the offense level. Background: This section implements the direction to the Commission in Section 6454 of the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988. A sentence resulting from a conviction sustained prior to the last overt act of the instant offense is to be considered a prior sentence under 4A1.2(a)(1) and not part of the instant offense. In this section, you will find resources to assist you in understanding and applying the federal sentencing guidelines. Plant.For purposes of the guidelines, a plant is an organism having leaves and a readily observable root formation (e.g., a marihuana cutting having roots, a rootball, or root hairs is a marihuana plant). If the offense involved both a substantive drug offense and an attempt or conspiracy (e.g.,sale of five grams of heroin and an attempt to sell an additional ten grams of heroin), the total quantity involved shall be aggregated to determine the scale of the offense. 230(f)(2)). At least 10 KG but less than 30 KG of Heroin; At least 3 KG but less than 10 KG of Heroin; At least 1 KG but less than 3 KG of Heroin; At least 700 G but less than 1 KG of Heroin; At least 400 G but less than 700 G of Heroin; At least 100 G but less than 400 G of Heroin; At least 80 G but less than 100 G of Heroin; At least 60 G but less than 80 G of Heroin; At least 40 G but less than 60 G of Heroin; At least 20 G but less than 40 G of Heroin; At least 10 G but less than 20 G of Heroin; At least 2.5 KG but less than 5 KG of Marihuana; At least 1 KG but less than 2.5 KG of Marihuana; 1 gm of 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-4-propionoxypiperidine/MPPP =, 1 gm of 1-(2-Phenylethyl)-4-phenyl-4-acetyloxypiperidine/PEPAP =, 1 gm of Fentanyl (N-phenyl-N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-piperidinyl] Propanamide) =, 1 gm of Hydromorphone/Dihydromorphinone =, 1 gm of Dextropropoxyphene/Propoxyphene-Bulk =, 1 gm of Mixed Alkaloids of Opium/Papaveretum =, 1 gm of Levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM) =, COCAINE AND OTHER SCHEDULE I AND II STIMULANTS (AND THEIR IMMEDIATE PRECURSORS)*, 1 gm Phenylacetone/P2P (when possessed for the purpose of manufacturing methamphetamine) =, 1 gm Phenylacetone/P2P (in any other case) =, SYNTHETIC CATHINONES (EXCEPT SCHEDULE III, IV, AND V SUBSTANCES)*, 1 gm of a synthetic cathinone (except a Schedule III, IV, or V substance) =, LSD, PCP, AND OTHER SCHEDULE I AND II HALLUCINOGENS (AND THEIR IMMEDIATE PRECURSORS)*, 1 gm of D-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide/Lysergide/LSD =, 1 gm of Mushrooms containing Psilocin and/or Psilocybin (Dry) =, 1 gm of Mushrooms containing Psilocin and/or Psilocybin (Wet) =, 1 gm of Phencyclidine (actual) /PCP (actual) =, 1 gm of Pyrrolidine Analog of Phencyclidine/PHP =, 1 gm of Thiophene Analog of Phencyclidine/TCP =, 1 gm of 4-Bromo-2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamine/DOB =, 1 gm of 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine/DOM =, 1 gm of 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine/MDA =, 1 gm of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine/MDMA =, 1 gm of 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-ethylamphetamine/MDEA =, 1 gm of 1-Piperidinocyclohexanecarbonitrile/PCC =, 1 gm of N-ethyl-1-phenylcyclohexylamine (PCE) =, 1 gm of Marihuana/Cannabis, granulated, powdered, etc. In the case of liquid LSD (LSD that has not been placed onto a carrier medium), using the weight of the LSD alone to calculate the offense level may not adequately reflect the seriousness of the offense. (ii) Downward Departure Based on Potency of Synthetic Cannabinoids.In the case of a synthetic cannabinoid that is not specifically referenced in this guideline, the converted drug weight for the class should be used to determine the appropriate offense level. Subsection (b)(14)(A) implements the instruction to the Commission in section 303 of Public Law103237. Statutory Provisions: 21 U.S.C. 1319(c); the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, 42 U.S.C. (G) In the case of LSD on a carrier medium (e.g., a sheet of blotter paper), do not use the weight of the LSD/carrier medium. Where there is no drug seizure or the amount seized does not reflect the scale of the offense, the court shall approximate the quantity of the controlled substance. Sec. Federal prosecutors allege one person died from a fentanyl overdose after purchasing pills that were furnished by Watson, according to the criminal complaint filed on Feb. 10 and unsealed last week. Tables for making the necessary conversions are provided below. Because LSD typically is marketed and consumed orally on a carrier medium, the inclusion of some weight attributable to the carrier medium recognizes (A) that offense levels for most other controlled substances are based upon the weight of the mixture containing the controlled substance without regard to purity, and (B) the decision in Chapman v. United States, 500U.S. 453 (1991) (holding that the term mixture or substance in 21 U.S.C. (1) If the offense involved possession of a controlled substance in a prison, correctional facility, or detention facility, apply 2P1.2 (Providing or Possessing Contraband in Prison). WebFederal law prohibits unauthorized distribution, possession with intent to distribute, and simple possession of oxycodone and other Schedule II controlled substances (such as Subsections (b)(14)(C)(ii) and (D) implement, in a broader form, the instruction to the Commission in section 102 of Public Law 106310. Certain professionals often occupy essential positions in drug trafficking schemes. In making a reasonable estimate, the court shall consider that each 25 milligrams of an anabolic steroid is one unit. 860a or 865, specifying the number of months to be served consecutively for the conviction under 21 U.S.C. At least 30 KG but less than 90 KG of Heroin; hbbd```b``uA$2r "80d6#HT M^WbOo]#| 3. Background: This section covers the offense of knowingly opening, maintaining, managing, or controlling any building, room, or enclosure for the purpose of manufacturing, distributing, storing, or using a controlled substance contrary to law (e.g., a "crack house"). (C) Examples for Combining Differing Controlled Substances.. 24. Below is a sampling of state penalties pertaining to drug possession: Washington Up to five years in prison and/or a fine of up to $10,000 for possession of any amount of heroin (double penalties for subsequent offenses). The Drug Conversion Tables set forth in Application Note 8 were previously called the Drug Equivalency Tables. The PCP converts to 70 kilograms of converted drug weight; the LSD converts to 25 kilograms of converted drug weight. WebSee Instruction 3.15. (K) The term Converted Drug Weight, for purposes of this guideline, refers to a nominal reference designation that is used as a conversion factor in the Drug Conversion Tables set forth in the Commentary below, to determine the offense level for controlled substances that are not specifically referenced in the Drug Quantity Table or when combining differing controlled substances. If such material cannot readily be separated from the mixture or substance that appropriately is counted in the Drug Quantity Table, the court may use any reasonable method to approximate the weight of the mixture or substance to be counted. This was to be expected due to the drop in the number of these charges being filed, as described above. Brown was indicted by a federal grand jury on May 17, 2022. According to the defendants guilty plea and court documents, on May 2, 2022, law enforcement observed Levi Adams Westbrook, 30, meet with a suspected drug trafficker 1319(c), the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, 42 U.S.C. Knowingly or Intentionally Offenses covered by this guideline may vary widely with regard to harm and risk of harm. 2D1.5. 841(c)(2) or (f)(1), or 960(d)(2), (d)(3), or (d)(4), decrease by 3 levels, unless the defendant knew or believed that the listed chemical was to be used to manufacture a controlled substance unlawfully. WebFEDERAL DRUG LAWS Possession, use, or distribution of illicit drugs is prohibited by federal law. [Subsection (c) (Drug Quantity Table) is set forth after subsection (e) (Special Instruction).]. WebUnlawful distribution, possession with intent to distribute, manufacture, importation and exportation, etc. Amended effective November 1, 1991 (amendment 394); November1, 1992 (amendments 447 and 448); November1, 2002 (amendment 640). Application of Subsection (b)(4).For purposes of subsection (b)(4), "mass-marketing by means of an interactive computer service" means the solicitation, by means of an interactive computer service, of a large number of persons to induce those persons to purchase a controlled substance. For additional statutory provision(s), see Appendix A (Statutory Index). SeeUSSG App. Application of Subsection (e)(1).. 802(32). 3. Subsection (b)(16) implements the directive to the Commission in section 6(3) of Public Law 111220. Application of Subsections (b)(1) and (b)(2).. Subsection (b)(11) implements the directive to the Commission in section 6(1) of Public Law 111220. Each year, the Commission reviews and refines these policies in light of congressional action, Unlawful Manufacturing, Importing, Exporting, or Trafficking (Including Possession with Intent to Commit These Offenses); Attempt or Conspiracy. (A) If the offense involved the manufacture of amphetamine or methamphetamine, increase by 3 levels. (a) Base Offense Level (Apply the greater): (1) 3 plus the offense level from the Drug Quantity Table in 2D1.1; or. 4. Historical Note: Section 2D1.3 (Distributing Controlled Substances to Individuals Younger than Twenty-One Years, to Pregnant Women, or Within 1000 Feet of a School or College), effective November 1, 1987, amended effective January15, 1988 (amendment 23), was deleted by consolidation with 2D1.2 effective November 1, 1989 (amendment 135). Amended effective November 1, 2010 (amendments746 and 748); November 1, 2011 (amendment 750); November 1, 2014 (amendment 783); November 1, 2018 (amendment 807). (B) Combining Differing Controlled Substances.The Drug Conversion Tables also provide a means for combining differing controlled substances to obtain a single offense level. Drug possession offenses are largely handled by the states, with widely varying sentencing guidelines. Background: This section covers the use of a communication facility in committing a drug offense. WebThis list includes all federal (not state) sentencing laws that require the judge to give the offender a mandatory minimum prison term. 845), 860 (formerly 21 U.S.C. Interactive computer service, for purposes of subsection (b)(7) and this note, has the meaning given that term in section 230(e)(2) of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. Statutory Provisions: 21 U.S.C. In a case in which the defendant possessed or distributed the listed chemical without such knowledge or belief, a 3-level reduction is provided to reflect that the defendant is less culpable than one who possessed or distributed listed chemicals knowing or believing that they would be used to manufacture a controlled substance unlawfully. The enhancement should be applied if the weapon was present, unless it is clearly improbable that the weapon was connected with the offense. 6. Manufacturing or distributing a controlled substance need not be the sole purpose for which the premises was maintained, but must be one of the defendants primary or principal uses for the premises, rather than one of the defendants incidental or collateral uses for the premises. "Minor" has the meaning given that term in Application Note 1 of the Commentary to 2A3.1 (Criminal Sexual Abuse). See1B1.1 (Application Instructions), Application Note 4(A). At least 3 KG but less than 9 KG of a Fentanyl Analogue; The concentrated substance is then usually sprayed on or soaked into a plant or other base material, and trafficked as part of a mixture. (II) The manner in which hazardous or toxic substances were disposed, and the likelihood of release into the environment of hazardous or toxic substances. Additionally, any costs of environmental cleanup and harm to persons or property should be considered by the court in determining the amount of restitution under 5E1.1 (Restitution) and in fashioning appropriate conditions of supervision under 5B1.3 (Conditions of Probation) and 5D1.3 (Conditions of Supervised Release). Statutory Provisions: 21 U.S.C. The total therefore converts to 95 kilograms of converted drug weight, for which the Drug Quantity Table provides an offense level of 22. 960(b)(1), (b)(2), or (b)(3), and the offense of conviction establishes that death or serious bodily injury resulted from the use of the substance and that the defendant committed the offense after one or more prior convictions for a similar offense; or, (2) 38, if the defendant is convicted under 21 U.S.C. 2. Historical Note: Effective November 1, 1987. (B) Whether the controlled substance not referenced in this guideline has a stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system that is substantially similar to the stimulant, depressant, or hallucinogenic effect on the central nervous system of a controlled substance referenced in this guideline. See 1B1.3(a)(2) (Relevant Conduct). 841 (a) (1) See Statute. 1. Application of Subsection (b)(15).Subsection (b)(15) applies to offenses that involve the cultivation of marihuana on state or federal land or while trespassing on tribal or private land. Nonetheless, this approach does not override the applicability of mixture or substance for the purpose of applying any mandatory minimum sentence (see Chapman; 5G1.1(b)). In making this determination, the court may consider, for example, the price generally obtained for the controlled substance, financial or other records, similar transactions in controlled substances by the defendant, and the size or capability of any laboratory involved. Application of Subsection (b)(12).Subsection (b)(12) applies to a defendant who knowingly maintains a premises (i.e., a building, room, or enclosure) for the purpose of manufacturing or distributing a controlled substance, including storage of a controlled substance for the purpose of distribution. Schedule I or II Depressants; Applicability of Subsection (b)(18).The applicability of subsection (b)(18) shall be determined without regard to whether the defendant was convicted of an offense that subjects the defendant to a mandatory minimum term of imprisonment. Federal agents may bring federal charges. Additionally, in determining the amount of restitution under 5E1.1 (Restitution) and in fashioning appropriate conditions of probation and supervision under 5B1.3 (Conditions of Probation) and 5D1.3 (Conditions of Supervised Release), respectively, any costs of environmental cleanup and harm to individuals or property shall be considered by the court in cases involving the manufacture of amphetamine or methamphetamine and should be considered by the court in cases involving the manufacture of a controlled substance other than amphetamine or methamphetamine. For example, the enhancement would not be applied if the defendant, arrested at the defendants residence, had an unloaded hunting rifle in the closet. At least 1,875,000 units but less than 5,625,000 units of Flunitrazepam; (1) If the offense involved a controlled substance, apply 2D1.1 (Unlawful Manufacturing, Importing, Exporting, or Trafficking) or 2D2.1 (Unlawful Possession), as appropriate, if the resulting offense level is greater than that determined above. (1) The offense level from 2D1.1 applicable to the underlying controlled substance offense, except as provided below. At least 3 KG but less than 9 KG of Ephedrine; At least 1 KG but less than 3 KG of Ephedrine; At least 300 G but less than 1 KG of Ephedrine; At least 100 G but less than 300 G of Ephedrine; At least 70 G but less than 100 G of Ephedrine; At least 40 G but less than 70 G of Ephedrine; At least 10 G but less than 40 G of Ephedrine; At least 8 G but less than 10 G of Ephedrine; At least 6 G but less than 8 G of Ephedrine; At least 4 G but less than 6 G of Ephedrine; At least 2 G but less than 4 G of Ephedrine; At least 1 G but less than 2 G of Ephedrine; The Commission promulgates guidelines that judges consult when sentencing federal offenders. at least 1.5 KG but less than 4.5 KG of Methamphetamine (actual), or Weba Federal or State offense, by whatever designation and wherever committed, consisting of murder (as described in section 1111); manslaughter other than involuntary manslaughter (as described in section 1112); assault with intent to commit murder (as described in section 113(a)); assault with intent to commit rape; aggravated sexual abuse and sexual abuse In such cases, an upward departure may be warranted. WebIf a person has between 5 and 49 grams of pure meth, or 50 to 499 grams of a mixture, it is considered possession with intent to distribute (trafficking), and federal Mar. To determine these finer distinctions, the Commission consulted numerous experts and practitioners, including authorities at the Drug Enforcement Administration, chemists, attorneys, probation officers, and members of the Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Forces, who also advocate the necessity of these distinctions. 6. The cocaine converts to 16 kilograms of converted drug weight, and the cocaine base converts to 7.142 kilograms of converted drug weight. Background: Offenses under 21 U.S.C. (D) Cocaine base, for the purposes of this guideline, means crack. Crack is the street name for a form of cocaine base, usually prepared by processing cocaine hydrochloride and sodium bicarbonate, and usually appearing in a lumpy, rocklike form. Regulatory Offenses Involving Registration Numbers; Unlawful Advertising Relating to Scheduled Substances; Attempt or Conspiracy. 841(a), (b)(1)-(3), (7), (g), 860a, 865, 960(a), (b); 49 U.S.C. 1301 0 obj
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Web(b) It is unlawful for any person knowingly to manufacture, distribute, advertise, or possess with intent to manufacture or distribute a look-alike substance. Web(1) Upon conviction of Paragraph (B)(4) or (C)(4) of this Section, possession with intent to distribute fentanyl or carfentanil or possession of fentanyl or carfentanil, the court may suspend any sentence which it imposes and place the defendant on probation pursuant to Article 893 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. In such a case, a downward departure may be warranted. at least 1.5 KG but less than 4.5 KG of "Ice"; (i) the defendant was convicted under 21 U.S.C. Statutory Provision: 21 U.S.C. For example, a defendant agrees to sell 500 grams of cocaine, the transaction is completed by the delivery of the controlled substance actually 480 grams of cocaine, and no further delivery is scheduled. 1. The offense levels assume that the offense involved the operation of a common carrier carrying a number of passengers, e.g., a bus. The last sentence of subsection (a)(5) implements the directive to the Commission in section 7(1) of Public Law 111220. Web(1) Upon conviction of Paragraph (B)(4) or (C)(4) of this Section, possession with intent to distribute fentanyl or carfentanil or possession of fentanyl or carfentanil, the court may suspend any sentence which it imposes and place the defendant on probation pursuant to Article 893 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. If the resulting offense level is less than level 14, increase to level 14. 865 would achieve the "total punishment" in a manner that satisfies the statutory requirement of a consecutive sentence. 1314 0 obj
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